The positive impact of physical activity on cognitive functions is well established and varies by exercise type, with open‐skill sports—activities involving high uncertainty—offering distinct advantages. Although team sports are traditionally considered open‐skill activities, parkour provides a dynamic and varied environment. This study compared the effects of indoor team sports (consistent environment) and parkour (varied environments) on cognitive functions. Forty healthy young adults (mean age: 21.5 ± 3 years) were divided into a team sports group (TS, n = 19) and a parkour group (PK, n = 21). Both groups trained twice a week for 4 weeks, with sessions lasting 2 hours each. Cognitive performance was assessed pre‐ and posttraining using the Trail Making Test (TMT), Letter Cancellation Test (LCT), Change Blindness Test (CB), visual memory tests, and short‐ and long‐term memory recall. The PK group significantly improved in TMT and CB tests (p < 0.001), whereas the TS group showed no significant changes (p > 0.05). Both groups improved similarly in the LCT and working memory tests (p < 0.001). However, the PK group outperformed the TS group in long‐term memory tasks (p < 0.001). These findings suggest that parkour's exploratory nature enhances observation skills, visuospatial attention, and long‐term memory more effectively than indoor team sports. Training in diverse environments appears to yield greater benefits for visual and cognitive capacities than practice in static settings.