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HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
Sociology - Anthropology - Philosophy - History - Law - etc.
"Faire lieu" à travers l'urbain. Socio-anthropologie des pratiques ludo-sportives et auto-organisées de la ville
Autor
Lebreton
2009
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Tipo de publicación
Tesis doctoral o similar
Idioma
Francés
Palabras clave
Resumen
Cette recherche combine les acquis de la sociologie urbaine et ceux de la sociologie des sports. Elle analyse les logiques et modalités des pratiques ludo-sportives, à la fois auto-organisées et urbaines. Ces pratiques sont non seulement dans la ville mais sont d'abord de la ville. Elles s?inscrivent pleinement dans le « faire lieu » au sein des espaces publics urbains. L'enquête concerne quatre communautés pratiquantes à Paris : spéléologie urbaine, base-jump urbain, street-golf et parkour. Inspirée par une démarche socio-anthropologique, la méthodologie de recherche oscille entre un engagement (immersion au sein des communautés) et une distanciation (analyse et écriture réflexive). Avec une population constituée de trente-quatre pratiquants, nous analysons précisément le caractère éminemment sous-culturel (subculture) de ces communautés très minoritaires. Regroupés autour de représentations et de valeurs élaborées au sein du groupe, les pratiquants s'approprient les architectures urbaines pour les modeler et les réaménager selon leurs propres logiques d?actions. Ainsi, les modalités de pratique révèlent une motricité développée au contact des lieux urbains pratiqués. La combinaison des actions de type ramper/marcher/courir, voler/sauter et être en mouvement ou à l'arrêt sont des modalités de pratique valorisées par ces déambulations ludo-sportives.
URL
Parkour or l'art du deplacement A Kinetic Urban Utopia
Autor
Ortuzar
2009
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Tdr-the Drama Review-a Journal of Performance Studies
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
Parkour is urban activism emerging as an alternative to the highly controlled environments of the official city and its seemingly uninterrupted spaces of power. Parkouristes enact their escape from the established rules of behavior operating within urban environments and, when successful, transform the spaces they navigate.
URL
Discourses of Subversion: The Ethics and Aesthetics of Capoeira and Parkour
Autor
Fuggle
2008
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Dance Research
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
This article will examine the notion of subversive discourse found in both the Brazilian dance-martial art known as capoeira and he recent urban phenomenon called parkour, looking in detail at the origins and influences of the two disciplines. With reference to capoeira, I will argue that the linguistic structure which underpins the game provides the space for each capoeirista to develop his or her own creative expression or 'personality' within the framework of the discipline. When looking at parkour, I will consider the way in which it embodies both the notion of flesh in Merleau-Ponty's later writings and how through such an understanding of their bodies and the space around them, practitioners of parkour, known as traceurs, are able to engage in what Foucault refers to as 'technologies of the self'.
URL
Percursos alternativos -- o Parkour enquanto fenómeno (sub)cultural
Autor
De Carvalho & Pereira
2008
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Revista Portuguesa de Ciências do Desporto
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Portugés
Palabras clave
parkour; free-running; subcultura; desportos alternativos urbanos.
Resumen
Com este trabalho, propusemo-nos analisar um grupo de praticantes de parkour para tentar entender se se constituem, ou não, como parte de uma subcultura. Recorremos à observação participante como meio de obter a informação que necessitávamos, complementando com entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Os dados daqui recolhidos foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo, da qual surgiu o nosso sistema categorial. Este foi constituído pelas seguintes categorias: i) Ideologia, ii) Resistência Social, iii) Construção da identidade, iv) Simbologia e estética, v) Independência face ao espaço global e vi) Relação com o espaço de prática. Como principais conclusões, podemos dizer, que no parkour encontrámos uma identidade própria; um carácter de resistência social que se manifesta especialmente na luta por um espaço de expressão; uma dinâmica de grupo com normas e valores próprios; uma estética relacionada, com a forma como o espaço é explorado e com a funcionalidade do vestuário; um afastamento face à evolução do panorama global e, uma nova forma de relação com o espaço urbano.
URL
The practising of free running in adolescent from the suburbs: between sensation seeking and narcissistic reinforcement
Autor
Cazenave
2007
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Neuropsychiatrie de l'Enfance et de l'Adolescence
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
The aim of the study was to explore the relationships between sensation seeking, narcissistic personality and risk-taking behaviors in adolescents.
URL
From Obstacle to Opportunity: Parkour, leisure, and the reinterpretation of constraints
Autor
Bavinton
2007
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Annals of Leisure Research
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Constraints: Leisure: Parkour: power: public space: resistance: urban spaces
Resumen
Parkour is both a leisure practice and a method of navigating the objects and spaces of urban environments. Leisure practices are increasingly being acknowledged as contested political arenas and being theorised as resistance. Constraints have traditionally been characterised as impeding participation in a leisure practice. Recent research has, however, suggested a more situational understanding that seeks to account for the experience of leisure constraints and their negotiation. Issues of power and resistance must therefore be included within discussions of the organisation of, and access to, leisure settings and the complex processes through which individuals negotiate constraints. This paper draws upon original empirical research to explore leisure constraints within the context of post-structural theorisations of power, resistance, and the organisation of public space. Multi-method qualitative research was conducted with an international sample of participants and texts comprising semi-structured interviews and textual and discursive analysis of media articles and Website material. Key findings relate to the spatial-cognitive processes through which participants reinterpret material-spatial restrictions upon public behaviour to facilitate unscripted leisure practice and creative play. A significant conclusion is reached, that the spontaneous fun and creativity characteristic of Parkour is not achieved by the removal of constraint, but by the reinterpretation and utilisation of constraints -- by empowering the individual to wrest (admittedly partial and momentary) control of the power relations embedded within public urban spaces. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
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Parkour, the city, the event
Autor
Mould
2009
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Environment and Planning D: Society and Space
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
Parkour, or l'art du déplacement, has become widely practised in recent years, with most of its participants (or traceurs) conducting it in urban environments. Studying parkour and those who practise it provides urban geographers with a new and fascinating way in which movement is perceived in the city. Using the theoretical idioms of ‘smooth and striated space’ (Deleuze and Guattari, 1987, A Thousand Plateaus Continuum, London) and ‘the event’ (Badiou, 2005, Being and Event Continum, London), this paper will position parkour as an alternate way of theorising the city as an arena for capitalist versus subversive practices. Moving away from the idea of smooth space incorporating a ‘war machine’, the Badiouian event is a more appropriate lens through which to theorise parkour and its participants’ relationship with the city, in that it embraces a serene ethos of urban rediscovery.
URL
Jump city: Parkour and the traces
Autor
Thomson
2008
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South Atlantic Quarterly
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
City, urban, traceur, parkour, capital, building, arcade
Resumen
Parkour, the art of moving quickly in urban areas using only the body and staying true to the principle of “displacement,” a call to ceaseless forward movement combined with a kind of Zen-like self-presence, is dangerous to the practitioner (traceur) but also, in a sense, to the logic of the city. As documented on YouTube, Jump London, and Casino Royale or seen in the flesh, parkour is the most spectacular of a set of unruly practices in the specular city, from skateboarding to flash mobbing. The traceur can be situated in the history of urban wanderers in the midst of capital, from the nineteenth-century Parisian flaneur to the strange urban hieroglyphics of the Situationist drifters and the new psychogeographers. The city is an accretion of forms characterized by a nostalgia for self-presence (roughly, democracy) and by economy (transnational capital flow), the first a desire to be here, the second a reckoning with the impossibility of being simply here. In the most literal, architectural sense, these might be civic buildings on the one hand and commercial on the other, and as it turns out, these are the best buildings to jump off, over, and around. Late capital's urban matrix hardly has time to be itself in the haste with which it hums a threnody of global evocations, and the traceur moving soundlessly in such a sensorium, or glimpsed briefly against a cityscape of allusive forms, will tell us everything we need to know about presence if he or she will but tarry for a moment.
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The `Parkour Organisation': inhabitation of corporate spaces
Autor
Daskalaki et al.
2008
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Culture and Organization
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
architecture, corporatism, city, consumption, organisational space, parkour
Resumen
This paper discusses the corporate city and the way it structures the experience of its inhabitants. The corporate city is seen here as the embodiment of power relationships of a distinctly postmodern nature, a means to preserve and promote hegemonic and homogenising discourses like globalisation and consumerism. Corporate design and architecture embody specific kinds of relationships, experiences and perceptions of space and place. We will suggest that the corporate city is homogenised, lacking richness of civic space, not just in terms of form but in terms of structures (both, spatial structures and the kind of social structures/interactions they invite). The activities of a group of traceurs practising parkour are described and their philosophy is explained as a metaphor for active participation and dialectic relationship between the actual and the possible structures of the world. Richness of experience, strengthening of community, variety of activity, openness and possibility are irrelevant (actually, inimical) to the corporate forces that shape our cities today. However, as the experience of parkour demonstrates, extreme artforms of ‘urban activism’ but also, more importantly, human agency and the performativity of the everyday, are capable of transforming the otherwise alienating non‐places, to grounds of possibility, creativity and civic identity.
URL
Playing with fear: Parkour and the mobility of emotion
Autor
Saville
2008
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Social and Cultural Geography
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
fear, parkour, freerunning, emotional geography, mobility, place, play
Resumen
This article engages debates on emotional geography and non-representational theory by considering fear as a distinctly mobile engagement with our environment. Parkour, or freerunning, has exploded into public consciousness through commercial media representations and films. It is depicted as a spectacular urban sport that either can or cannot be done. Through ethnographic research with groups of parkour practitioners I consider what has been excluded from these representations: the emotions involved in trying, experimenting, and gradually learning to be in places differently. In parkour places are ‘done’ or mobilised in tentative, unsure, ungainly and unfinished ways which can be characterised by a kind of play with architecture. I argue that this play is contingent upon an array of fears, which, rather than being entirely negative, are an important way in which practitioners engage with place. Here fears can manifest differently, not only restricting mobility, but in some cases encouraging imaginative and playful forms of movement.
URL
Säröjä kaupunkitilassa: Re-interpreting Urban Space through Parkour
Autor
Ameel & Tani
2007
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Alue Ja Ympäristö
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Finés
Palabras clave
parkour, urban space, banal landscape,
Resumen
In this article we take a look at parkour, a new urban physical discipline. We present parkour from different angles, taking into account various issues in geography and urban studies that it raises and forces to reinterpret. First we set out to trace the background of parkour and its media representation, after which we discuss parkour as an example of urban youth cultures. We then take a look at its potential for interpreting the aesthetics of everyday, banal landscapes. In order to provide parkour with a broad theoretic and historic framework, we take a look at earlier endeavors to reinvent urban space, e.g. Baudelaire’s flâneur and the avant-garde experiments of surrealists and situationists. Through the encounters of practitioners of parkour (traceurs) with other people, we analyze the unwritten rules of how to use public space. Our analysis of this aspect of parkour is guided by the concepts of tight spaces and loose spaces. We conclude that parkour challenges the way people interact with urban space, and the way the city is experienced in terms of aesthetic appearance and accessibility to (semi-)public space. At the end of our article, we suggest some subjects for further research.
URL
Free Running and the Hugged City
Autor
Mörtenböck
2005
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Thresholds
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
URL
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