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HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
Sociology - Anthropology - Philosophy - History - Law - etc.
Parkour and the City: Risk, masculinity, and meaning in a postmodern sport
Autor
Kidder
2017
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Rutgers University Press
Tipo de publicación
Libro
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
URL
Undisciplined spaces Lifestyle sports and sport-for-all policies in Italy
Autor
Sterchele et al.
2017
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Lifestyle Sports and Public Policy
Tipo de publicación
Capítulo de libro
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
In the last decades, parkour as an urban bodily practice has gained an extraordinary visibility in the global sportscape, thanks to its precocious mediatisation in blockbuster movies and documentaries, in internet video channels like Youtube, on websites and on social networks. In Italy, too, it has rapidly become popular among young people. The chapter examines the role of UISP (Unione Italiana Sport per Tutti, Sport-for-All Italian Union), the largest Italian sport-for-all organisation, in the diffusion and legitimation of parkour within the Italian context, which also becomes a way for UISP to legitimise itself as the hegemonic promoter of new/alternative sports in Italy. UISP managed to incorporate into its organisation a large portion of the parkour scene: in 2013 about 70 parkour groups and 1,400 traceurs were formally affiliated, including some of the most active parkour groups in the national landscape
URL
Etnografía del teatro popular: "un estudio sobre la aproximación a los espacios comunitarios y la producción material mediante el teatro"
Autor
Morales
2017
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Universidad del Valle
Tipo de publicación
Tesis doctoral o similar
Idioma
Español
Palabras clave
Etnografía, Teatro popular, Espacio público, Procesos sociales, creación artística
Resumen
Este proyecto surge de un interés por articular las disciplinas del arte y el diseño con el fin de documentar procesos sociales a través de la práctica de las artes integradas. Presenta una caracterización de los espacios comunitarios a través de la práctica teatral y su estrecha relación con la producción material y la dinámica social de una comunidad determinada. Llevando a cabo una investigación etnográfica mediante un estudio de caso que permite establecer las relaciones planteadas entre la práctica artística, el espacio y la comunidad.
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Body consciousness in modern urban surroundings. Freerunning and parkour
Autor
Petri
2017
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Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
URL
Formas de socialización, industrias culturales y nuevas sensibilidades; explorando los mundos juveniles
Autor
Vanegas
2017
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Universidad de Antioquía
Tipo de publicación
Trabajo Fin de Grado/Máster o similar
Idioma
Español
Palabras clave
Resumen
El trabajo tiene como propósito principal generar una exploración crítica por las realidades juveniles en el mundo actual, el concepto de industrias culturales permitió la comprensión crítica del arte y el entretenimiento en el mercado capitalista, por otro lado el concepto de nuevas sensibilidades posibilitó comprender a los mundos juveniles en sus potencialidades como constructores de nuevas relaciones sociales y nuevas pautas culturales cargadas con contenidos éticos renovados.
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Parkour v mezích materiality
Autor
Ondřej
2017
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Západočeská univerzita v Plzni
Tipo de publicación
Trabajo Fin de Grado/Máster o similar
Idioma
Checo
Palabras clave
Resumen
The author, in his diploma thesis examines the relationship between parkour and materiality, through the observation of a small group of traceurs, research on the internet and a discourse analysis of a set of videos. Parkour and all its features, its specific form, are achieved through associations (mutual relationships) of the various actors - the traceurs, the space and the shoes traceurs wear. Parkour exists within the limits of materiality, it is influenced by it – materiality has the ability to act in relation to traceurs (parkour). Traceurs are aware of the surfaces and their attributes. For example, they care about what kinds of sole their shoes have and how „grippy“ it is (how much it slides on different surfaces etc.). Traceurs are also aware of the impact of certain moves on their body in relations to materials, height, distance etc.
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Le Parkour. Effective (Um-)Wege in postfordistichen Stadtlandschaften
Autor
Termeer
2017
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Berliner Beiträge zur Kulturwissenschaft
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Alemán
Palabras clave
Resumen
URL
Risk and benefits in lifestyle sports: parkour, law and social value
Autor
Gilchrist & Osborn
2017
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International Journal of Sport Policy
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Risks, ports law, lifestyle sport, liability, social benefit, parkour
Resumen
This paper examines the interrelationship between law and lifestyle sports, viewed through the lens of parkour. We argue that the literature relating to legal approaches to lifestyle sport is currently underdeveloped. Law is viewed as a largely negative presence, seen particularly in terms of the ways in which counter-cultural activities are policed and regulated, where such activities are perceived to be transgressive and undesirable. We argue that this is a somewhat unsophisticated take on how the law can operate, with law constructed as an outcome of constraints to behaviour (where the law authorises or prohibits), distinct from the legal contexts, environments and spaces in which these relationships occur. We examine specifically the interrelationship between risk and benefit and how the law recognises issues of social utility or value, particularly within the context of lifestyle sport. A case study is provided of the employment of claims to social value present in the advancing institutionalisation of parkour in the United Kingdom. Through the case study, the paper seeks to foreground a more nuanced position that moves away from user-centred constructions of law as an imposition toward an appreciation of how the law can be used to support and extend claims to space.
URL
What can the parkour craftsmen tell us about bodily expertise and skilled movement?
Autor
Højbjerre
2016
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Sport, Ethics and Philosophy
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Parkour, skills, expertise, craftsmanship, play
Resumen
The aim of this paper is to contribute to the discussion of expertise and skilled movement in sport by analysing the bodily practice of learning a new movement at a high level of skill in parkour. Based on Sennett’s theory of craftsmanship and an ethnographic field study with experienced practitioners, the analysis offers insight into the skilful, contextual and unique practice of parkour, and contributes to the renewed discussion of consciousness in sport at a high level of skill. With Sennett’s concept of craftsmanship, it is possible to describe and grasp important aspects of obstacles put up, repetitions and material consciousness in developing perceptual and physical skills in parkour. The parkour craftsmen conduct a constant dialogue between concrete, material practices and thinking. It is argued in the article that Sennett’s ideas about craftsmanship are, in many ways, similar to Dreyfus and Dreyfus’ concept of mastery, but are less elitist and exclusive than the theory of skill acquisition. The parkour craftsmen add a critical cultural perspective to the academic field of skills and expertise in sport. They furthermore offer insight into the ontology of play, and how it plays an important role in developing skills at a high level.
URL
Determining The Social and Psychological Reasons for The Emergence of Parkour and Free Running – An Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis
Autor
Wallace & Kilili
2016
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International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Parkour, free running, self-improvement, endurance, discipline, strength, Flexibility and balance.
Resumen
Parkour and free running are newly emerged high risk urbanised activities still relatively understudied. They don’t appear to be subject to rules and regulations with aims and objectives being unclear. There are no distinct signs of competition and yet competitors are extremely trained, highly ordered, thriving on the danger and adrenaline participation produces. The participants perform dangerous gymnastic movements utilising awkward obstacles without the use of protective clothing and don’t appear to be concerned with the welfare of people in the vicinity. The activities are associated with self-improvement, endurance, discipline, strength, flexibility and balance. Parkour and free running videos are frequently posted on the self-broadcast website, YouTube. Here participants can be seen leaping from high buildings, climbing walls and jumping between handrails. This study presents the results of a phenomenological study of eight parkour and free running participants. A systematic IPA procedure was incorporated into the study to enter into a participant’s reality to obtain experiences of parkour and free running.
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‘We are rolling and vaulting tonight’: sport programmes, urban regeneration and the politics of parkour in Turin, Italy
Autor
De Martini Ugolotti
2017
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International Journal of Sport Policy
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Youth, sport policy, parkour, Citizenship, Turin, urban regeneration
Resumen
The following paper aims to contribute to an interdisciplinary field of enquiry addressing the ways in which lifestyle and informal sports can inform policy debate and development at various levels. It will do so by considering the ambivalent position that parkour is taking within policies of urban and community re-branding enacted in Turin, Italy. Parkour in Turin is an increasingly structured discipline often endorsed by events celebrating the city’s vibrancy, and by local projects that target youth, and promote social participation. However, this discipline implies also a spontaneous and irreverent engagement with urban spaces that often creates frictions and conflicts between traceurs (parkour practitioners) and other actors in relation to what constitutes the public, how it should be used and by whom. Drawing on 14 months of ethnographic research with a group of 20 traceurs predominantly of migrant origins, this study focuses on the participants’ ambivalent engagement with one project promoting social participation through sports in Turin’s urban spaces. Building on the ethnographic material, this paper addresses the emerging relationship between social projects, informal urban practices and emerging forms of creative urbanism.
URL
Parkour as acrobatics: an existential phenomenological study of movement in parkour
Autor
Aggerholm & Højbjerre Larsen
2017
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Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
acrobatics, embodiment, motor intentionality, parkour, henomenology
Resumen
The aim of this paper is to pursue a novel understanding of parkour. Through an existential phenomenological analysis based on the phenomenology of embodiment and spatiality found in Merleau-Ponty and drawing on Sloterdijk’s philosophical account of acrobatics, we will examine the bodily experience of practitioners in parkour and analyse their process of practising and performing tricks as an acrobatic movement phenomenon. The practitioners use three central terms to describe this process: challenge, break and clean. We use these terms to frame the analysis of how the practitioners are bodily related to what is not yet possible (challenge), how they repeat towards making new tricks possible (break) and how they perfect their bodily experience of moving (clean). Parkour as acrobatics describes the circular and vertical process of revising and refining one’s bodily relation to the world, through which practitioners are continuously attracted to new challenging moves and carve out new possible movements for themselves and others.
URL
Governing bodies or managing freedom? Subcultural struggles, national sport systems and the glocalised institutionalisation of parkour
Autor
Sterchele & Ferrero Camoletto
2017
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International Journal of Sport Policy
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Lifestyle sports, institutionalisation, authenticity, teaching/coaching qualifications, glocalisation, Italian sport system
Resumen
Whilst being the world’s fastest growing informal sport, parkour is also undergoing a gradual institutionalisation which is shaped differently by each national context’s specific sport system. We investigate this glocalised process by examining the subcultural tensions and power struggles it generates within the Italian parkour community. Whereas in other countries parkour practitioners (the so-called traceur/traceuses) have managed to gain public recognition by forming a specific and independent National Governing Body, in Italy they are gradually affiliating with different Sport Promotion Bodies (Enti di Promozione Sportiva), the distinctive umbrella organisations which compete for the provision of sport-for-all within the country. Through a qualitative mixed-method approach based on focus groups, individual interviews and the analysis of ethnographic and documentary material, we explore the institutionalisation of Italian parkour by focusing on the controversies surrounding the introduction of teaching standards and qualifications, which is becoming a battlefield for competing authenticity claims based on different visions and interpretations of parkour. Our study shows how sport policymakers become influential agents in this authentication process and calls for future comparative analysis of their role in the local re-contextualisation of highly globalised practices.
URL
Informal sport, institutionalisation, and sport policy: challenging the sportization of parkour in England
Autor
Wheaton & O'Loughlin
2017
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International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Lifestyle sport, informality, youth sport, sport policy, institutionalisation, community dance, parkour
Resumen
Initiatives using parkour and parkour-inspired hybrid activities are emerging in increasingly varied settings from formal physical education to the performance arts. This proliferation in England has led to the need for more formal governance resulting in the formation of a Sport England-sanctioned national governing body, Parkour UK.
In this paper, we document attempts to challenge the perceived sportization process in England through the emergence of Performance-Parkour [2PK] a version of parkour practice rooted in the performance arts. We discuss the implications of these developments for maintaining parkour’s diversity and inclusivity as a practice for inspiring participation. We draw on a range of data sources including observations, formal interviews, and reflections from different positions from academic outsides to involved practitioner. We then consider the implications of these developments for maintaining parkour’s diversity and inclusivity as a practice for inspiring participation, particularly with regard to pedagogic style and gender inclusion. This process highlights some of the challenges and difficulties in the institutionalisation of an informal movement practice into an organised and formalised one. Our paper therefore contributes to our understanding of the role informal sporting activities can play in promoting inclusive and equitable physical cultures, and provides insights into emergent boundary-crossing practices that are situated between sports and the arts.
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Signposting risk Parkour parks and the materialities of regulation
Autor
Gilchrist & Osborn
2017
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Lifestyle Sports and Public Policy
Tipo de publicación
Capítulo de libro
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
This chapter draws upon a longitudinal study of the evolution of parkour spaces in the UK in order to illustrate how parkour is being co-constructed with, and by, the law. We subject to close examination the information sign at the parkour park as a material and symbolic artefact that can both illuminate the values and philosophies of the sport, as well as being a socio-legal artefact that may document processes of juridification: the enfolding of sport into legal and regulatory frameworks and modes of thinking. We read the sign as a 'text', albeit one that may include pictorial depictions, which makes known an underlying reality about the culture of parkour at a particular moment. The sign is read as a correspondence to truth in that we see it as reflecting an objective reality, anchoring key messages which are derived from the inputs of various actors - traceurs, parkour crews, coaches, local authorities, facilities providers - as they have come to reflect and debate the meanings of the activity. Signs are also viewed in explicitly cultural terms, informing us how parkour space is being imagined, how place is made and how cultural meanings are asserted. We also attend to the contexts of the sign, its changing form and content as different iterations of advice and guidance have appeared at parkour parks over time. In this respect, the sign is read not only for its prescriptions of behaviour occuring at the site and how it structures citizenship, but also how it reveals evolving policies and adherences to legal stipulations around permissible risk and safe practice, in ways that can lead to a sharper legal contextualisation of parkour spaces
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The Aesthetic and Philosophical Integration of Parkour with Bartenieff Release-Based Modern Dance
Autor
Spongberg
2017
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Dance Department Best Student Papers
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
URL
The social benefits of informal and lifestyle sports. A research agenda
Autor
Gilchrist & Wheaton
2017
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International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
Understanding sport through the lens of social benefit has become a mainstay of sport policy analysis. A wealth of research has considered how sport contributes to achieving wider social benefits, including improvements to health and well-being, life satisfaction, crime reduction, community cohesion and activism, environmental stewardship, educational attainment, labour market participation, civic renewal, urban regeneration and developing youth (Coalter 2007, Oughton and Tacon 2007, Brookes and Wiggan 2009). Over the decades governments and policymakers have advocated the use of traditional or mainstream sports for combating a range of social ‘problems’, from youth disengagement to poor health. Most recently, fears about rising levels of inactivity and obesity, particularly amongst children, are increasingly driving sports-based interventions and the question of sport’s capacity to deliver public policy outcomes.
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El parkour como práctica cultural, un análisis desde las relaciones de poder
Autor
Gutiérrez
2017
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Cuerpo, cultura y movimiento
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Español
Palabras clave
parkour, cultura, prácticas juveniles, movimiento, ciudad, poder, hegemonía.
Resumen
Desde hace más de una década, en Colombia ha estado creciendo una comunidadde jóvenes que se dedica a la práctica del parkour, actividad física en la que se utiliza el cuerpo para desplazarse por los espacios urbanos y naturales, desarrollando diferentes tipos de movimientos y acrobacias. El presente artículo se aproxima a este como una nueva práctica cultural, que no ha sido suficientemente explorada por la academia colombiana, sobre la cual se resignifican los espacios y se construyen valores comunes entre los practicantes; quienes rompen con las estructuras de significado hegemónicas que se circunscriben sobre los espacios, para proponer una forma deinteracción diferente entre los sujetos y la ciudad.
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Da Rua para o Mundo: Etnografia Urbana Comparada do Graffiti e do Parkour
Autor
Ferrero
2016
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Imprensa de Ciências Sociais
Tipo de publicación
Libro
Idioma
Portugés
Palabras clave
Resumen
O graffiti e o parkour são práticas culturais de rua que têm as cidades contemporâneas como seus palcos por excelência. Através de um trabalho de campo em profundidade nas cidades de Lisboa e de Barcelona e de três breves explorações etnográficas no Rio de Janeiro.
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IPA Thematic Analysis of Parkour and Freerunning
Autor
Wallace
2016
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International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences
Tipo de publicación
International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Parkour, free running, individual, selfexpression, qualitative, growth and development.
Resumen
Parkour and free running are unconventional physical activities that are non-competitive in nature. Participants focus on the development of individual physical and mental strength, fluidity of movement and teamwork. Participants practice the activities in groups or alone and incorporate elements of self-expression and gymnastic movement. Moves can include running, rolling, jumping, climbing, swinging and vaulting. This paper provides the results of a qualitative study into the major psychological and sociological reasons for their emergence. The detailed accounts of eight parkour and free running participants significantly contribute towards broadening understanding on their growth and development.
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