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HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
Sociology - Anthropology - Philosophy - History - Law - etc.
Breaking the jump: the secret story of parkour's high-flying rebellion
Autor
Angel
2016
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Aurum Press
Tipo de publicación
Libro
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
From its humble origins in the backstreets and rooftops of Paris's urban jungle, to the tops of London and New York's skyscrapers, Parkour, has become an adrenaline-fuelled implosion on the urban landscape. But more than a sport that most jaw-dropped onlookers can hardly comprehend, Parkour is an exploration of movement and a return to our body's natural ability to run, jump, hang and move with fluidity. For the first time, Julie Angel tells the story of Parkour's beginnings - the diverse, intriguing and unusual characters who went to the rooftops, hung off the stairwells and drain pipes as they trained through the night, often risking their lives and created something that has become a worldwide phenomenon. Breaking the Jumpÿtells the unknown story behind Parkour's rise, and asks what is it that drives those who stand on the edge and think `go'.
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Action sports for youth development: critical insights for the SDP community
Autor
Thorpe
2016
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International Journal of Sport Policy
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Youth, action sports, sports for development and peace building
Resumen
This article identifies new trends in youth sport participation, particularly the growing popularity of non-competitive, informal, non-institutionalized ‘action sports’ (e.g., skateboarding, surfing, snowboarding, parkour). Drawing upon an array of international examples and qualitative research including interviews and media analysis, it considers the potential of action sports for making a valuable contribution to the sport for development and peace (SDP) movement. More specifically, the author argues that those working in the field of sport for youth development would do well to critically consider the alternative value systems in action sports and to recognize youth agency and creativity in both developed and (re)developing nations. It concludes by offering policy implications and encouraging youth-focused SDP initiatives to move beyond the ‘deficit model’ and towards more collaborative projects that provide space for local voices and acknowledge youth agency.
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Youth-driven tactics of public space appropriation in Hanoi: The case of skateboarding and parkour
Autor
Geertman et al.
2016
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Pacific Affairs
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
Starting in the 2000s, there has been a rise in youth-led appropriation of public spaces in Hanoi, Vietnam. Through case studies of skateboarders and traceurs (practitioners of parkour) in two of the city's formal public spaces, we explore and analyze the tactics deployed by these young urbanites to claim a part of the characteristically overcrowded and socio-politically restrictive public spaces of the Vietnamese capital. These case studies show that, by seeking to access public spaces for their new activities, skaters and traceurs have had to confront multiple sets of rules, imposed by not only the state, but also corporate actors and resident-driven surveillance. We find that skateboarders and traceurs deal with these forms of control largely through small-scale, non-ideological, and non-confrontational tactics. As a result, these youth practices have become normalized in Hanoi's public spaces. These findings broaden the discourses on everyday urbanism and social-political transformations in post-socialist urban contexts, and shed light on the ways in which contemporary youths engage with the city.
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If I climb a wall of ten meters: Capoeira, parkour and the politics of public space among (post) migrant youth in Turin, Italy
Autor
De Martini Ugolotti & Moyer
2016
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Patterns of Prejudice
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
capoeira, immigration, parkour, public space, social navigation, Turin, youth
Resumen
Rather than being seen as citizens, the children of immigrants are portrayed as a population to be controlled and contained across Europe. In Italy today, debates about cultural ‘authenticity’ and renewed nationalism accompany waves of moral panic that depict a country under siege by illegal and unwanted immigrants. Specifically in cities, immigrants and their children are imagined and portrayed as alien and out of place. Drawing on fourteen months of ethnographic research in Turin, Italy, with children of immigrants aged between 16 and 21, De Martini Ugolotti and Moyer illustrate how these youth make use of their bodies through capoeira and parkour practices to contest and reappropriate public spaces, thereby challenging dominant visions about what constitutes the public, how it should be used and by whom. They analyse the ‘body in place’ to understand how the children of immigrants navigate unequal spatial relations and challenge dominant regimes of representation, while also attempting to improve their life conditions and reach their personal goals.
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The social bordering of lifestyle sports: inclusive principles, exclusive reality
Autor
Rannikko et al.
2016
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Journal of Youth Studies
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Exclusion, sport culture, inclusion, lifestyles
Resumen
Lifestyle sports are created and maintained through global youth cultural representations disseminated by many current media channels. Lifestyle sports attract young people due to their images of sociality, joyful creativity, speed and excitement, urban exoticism and their subcultural distinction from mainstream sports. This distinction is maintained with claims of social and cultural openness. Through a case analysis conducted for a research project we asked: How open are lifestyle sports communities and to whom? Who can take part in the subcultural world of lifestyle sports? What kinds of structural or personal attributes connected with individuals restrict certain young people's participation in this world? The research material consists of qualitative and quantitative data collected among skateboarding, longboarding, parkour and roller derby practitioners in Finland. Seeking answers brings researchers to the classical sociological background variables and their intersections: gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, disability and socioeconomic status. In lifestyle sports, these categorisations are linked with physical skills as subcultural symbolic capital, which is central in the exclusive and inclusive practices in lifestyle sports communities. Despite the inclusive principles that lifestyle sports practitioners emphasise, the ideal lifestyle sport practitioner seems to be represented by hegemonic masculinity, muscular strength and agility symbolising sporting abilities.
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Parkour e valores morais: ser forte para ser útil
Autor
Vieira & Galvão
2016
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Motrivivência (Florianópolis)
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Portugés
Palabras clave
Valores Sociales: Deportes/ética: Desarrollo Moral
Resumen
Este estudo objetiva apreender os discursos científicos e "populares"; divulgados sobre o Parkour, priorizando a identificação de valores morais relacionados a essa prática corporal. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura acadêmica científica e uma revisão sistemática de reportagens divulgadas em mídias "populares" través do descritor "Parkour". Os resultados evidenciaram que características como companheirismo, respeito, altruísmo, integração social e responsabilidade estão presentes no Parkour; por outro lado, também sugeriram que seu processo de popularização tem facilitado a divulgação de uma imagem distorcida da prática, supervalorizando valores morais distantes daqueles preconizados pelos seus idealizadores.
URL
Taking back the streets': The return of the pedestrian to Parisian urban space
Autor
Mullen
2016
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Universidad de California
Tipo de publicación
Trabajo fin de grado/máster o similar
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
This dissertation is concerned with the Parisian street as a contemporary site of the adoption and contestation of French Republican values by the French State and pedestrians through iterations of street culture. Street culture is a dynamic entity whose properties and norms depend largely on the society in which it is generated. It evolves as those who use the streets, and not merely those who exert power over them, alter their behaviors there, and it also responds to changes that occur to the material sites themselves. This project examines how public spaces in Paris, as lieux de m�moire of significant cultural meaning and importance, have come to be viewed as conduits of a particular and problematic French “Republican” ideal: a universalized notion of equality and secularism. I analyze major spatial changes made to the city in the 19th and 20th centuries that dislocated pedestrians from the streets and discuss how, since 2000, the Parisian government has consequently promoted a rhetoric of “returning the streets” to pedestrians. I explore ways in which the Parisian government and pedestrians themselves have sought to “take back the streets” for foot traffic, and I consider the varying motivations behind those efforts. Specifically, I investigate massive state-sponsored renovations of significant Parisian spaces and the revival of street events as efforts to realize the goal of returning pedestrians to the streets, and thus to the site of the transmission of Republican values. I also examine the inversion of “returning” the streets to pedestrians through pedestrian-motivated initiatives to “take back” the streets. I explore the conceptual, embodied, and artistic practices that pedestrians utilize in Parisian urban spaces to challenge the narrative of cultural assimilation imposed on them by those spaces. Those practices include subjective mapping; physically tracing space in the city through the playful and ephemeral activities of rollerblading and parkour; and the creation and implementation of street art, all of which promote a street culture based on the formation of social bonds.
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La disciplina del desplazamiento. un recurso para la escena contemporánea
Autor
Paulín & Álvarez
2016
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MAGOTZI Boletín Científico de Artes del IA
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Español
Palabras clave
Displazement, Inercia, Parkour, Art de déplacement, Naranja-Escena, Disciplina del Desplazamiento, Escena contemporánea.
Resumen
La Disciplina del Desplazamiento, nació durante los años ochenta, en los barrios que se encuentran alrededor de París. La práctica surgió gracias a un grupo de jóvenes de clase media-baja que se juntaban y utilizaban las estructuras urbanas como un medio para ejercitarse, moverse y divertirse, ya que no tenían la posibilidad de pagar un gimnasio. El practicante que desee ejercerla necesita adquirir ciertas habilidades y trabajar sobre ciertos aspectos, mismos que pueden aprovecharse como herramientas para las artes escénicas. Con esto no se busca decir que esta disciplina deba trasladarse directo al escenario, lo interesante resulta de la aplicación de sus herramientas para la construcción de un sincretismo que lo enriquezca. Paralelamente, la Disciplina del Desplazamiento es una vía alterna que genera conocimiento para comprender el proceso actoral de una manera más sintética y violenta; violenta, porque el proceso se condensa. Mientras en el teatro un actor puede alegar o justificar su desempeño, mentir y/o mantenerse en un lugar cómodo, para el practicante de esta disciplinano existe esa posibilidad, ya que se traduce en un accidente inminente.
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Climbing walls, making bridges: children of immigrants’ identity negotiations through capoeira and parkour in Turin
Autor
De Martini Ugolotti
2015
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Leisure Studies
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
capoeira, parkour, Turin, leisure, identity, migration
Resumen
Capoeira and parkour are two different body practices which have gained worldwide attention in urban settings in the last few decades. The following paper will explore how capoeira and parkour relate to the construction of identity paths amongst children of immigrants between 12 and 20 in Turin, Italy. It will do so by looking at how such practices are used by young men of migrant origin to negotiate and perform narratives of self-worth, belonging and recognition within marginalising and excluding urban environments. This study acknowledges that social identifications are created, negotiated and (re)produced through bodily and spatial means and within networks of power relations. Following this premise, the insights proposed in this paper suggest that the ambivalent and fluid use of bodies and spaces implied by capoeira and parkour can represent a meaningful lens to understand the embodied and spatial identity negotiations enacted by participants in their daily lives. This theoretical perspective will illuminate the place that active bodies, spaces and leisure practices take in the negotiation of social identities, and dynamics of inclusion/exclusion, enacted by youth of migrant origin within early twenty-first century Turin cityscape.
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El arte del extravío: corporalidades y afectos en el parkour
Autor
Leyden
2015
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Corpografías
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Español
Palabras clave
Afectos, Autoetnografía, Corporalidades, Parkour
Resumen
Este artículo explora las contradicciones entre el relato visual del parkour y la experiencia incorporada cotidiana de sus practicantes en Bogotá. En esta medida, propone que la experiencia vital en el parkour tiene lugar como una serie de prácticas y saberes encarnados, que transforman la ciudad y el cuerpo en campo de experimentación. A partir de lo anterior, da cuenta de las transformaciones corporales que introduce esta disciplina, con el fin de problematizar los estudios del cuerpo basados en las representaciones, o los acercamientos teóricos que se limitan a la experiencia fenomenológica. Finalmente, examina las potencialidades de la autoetnografía en los estudios del cuerpo y cuestiona cuáles son los afectos o fuerzas que irrumpen en el parkour y lo convierten en un “arte del extravío”
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Parkour as a pas de deux: Learning to dance with and within unstable spaces
Autor
Gravestock
2016
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Theatre, Dance and Performance Training
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Parkour, pas de deux, drawing, duet, scenography
Resumen
Whilst the show and tricks of Parkour are often attributed to a theatrical event, Parkour enthusiasts fiercely dismiss the idea that what they do is performance. For the Parkour participant, often known as the Traceur, Parkour is a personal journey created by efficient and effective movement from point A to point B. However, in spite of the self-contained nature of Parkour, the Traceur will frequently attract an accidental audience and is now extending its reach into other fields. It is therefore relevant to question how Traceurs create and develop their performance, and how other performance training practices that share similar conditions and objectives could benefit from this understanding. To investigate the training practices used by the Traceur, this paper refers to Higgins, who applies a performance-based vocabulary to discuss and describe contemporary Parkour practice. Using a drawing as a research approach, the article examines Higgins’ application of dance as a means to better understand the Traceur’s process and uses this comparison to break the training process down further. Doing so reveals how the space in which they perform becomes a creative and pedagogical partner with a value that extends beyond Parkour and into other creative disciplines.
URL
Parkour, Gendered Power and the Politics of Identity
Autor
Wheaton
2016
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Women in Action Sport Cultures
Tipo de publicación
Capítulo de libro
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Female Participant, Action Sport, Dominant Discourse, Fitness Class, Masculine Identity
Resumen
In this chapter I explore gendered power relations in the predominantly urban- based and male-dominated activity of parkour. I draw on empirical research conducted in England, and media commentaries, including a case study of women in Iran. I highlight parkour’s unique ethos and dominant form of masculinity, illustrating that despite the male dominance, parkour appears not to embrace some central aspects of traditional sporting masculinity such as the win-at-all cost ethos, aggression, and exclusion. However despite this desire for inclusivity, and evidence of men’s attempts to involve and encourage women, for some women parkour spaces are nonetheless perceived as alienating, and all women environments have provided ‘safer’ spaces for entry. I highlight the contradictions faced by women who participate in parkour, and advocate for more extensive research that focuses on female participants experiences.
URL
‘Look at what we can do with all the broken stuff!’ Youth agency and sporting creativity in sites of war, conflict and disaster
Autor
Thorpe
2016
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Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Youth, action sports for development, agency, conflict and post-disaster, sport for development
Resumen
Too often youth are considered ‘victims’ in sites of war, conflict and disaster, with little consideration for their perspectives and ability to develop culturally specific responses to such conditions and events. Thus, unique forms of youth agency, creativity and resourcefulness continue to be overlooked. This paper adopts an interdisciplinary, multi-scale approach to reveal examples of youth agency and sporting creativity within local contexts of conflict and post-disaster, and signals important considerations for Sport for Development and Peace organisations working in such locations. Examining the different scales at which youth are engaging with informal, non-competitive action sports (i.e. skateboarding, parkour) in sites of conflict and disaster, this paper consists of three parts: (1) youth agency in sites of conflict, (2) youth agency in sites of post-disaster, and (3) transnational corporations use of action sports for ‘cause marketing’ in contexts of ‘disaster capitalism’. Each section offers insights from a series of on-going case studies (including interviews, media analysis and digital ethnography) in the post-disaster zones of Christchurch and New Orleans, and conflict zone of Palestine. In so doing, this paper offers a critical examination of the fluid and dynamic nature of youth agency and everyday politics in disrupted and dangerous geographies, but ultimately advocates the need to locate such initiatives within the broader flows of power, which are never neutral, equal or consistent.
URL
Desenvolvimento do Parkour no Brasil
Autor
Vieira & Assis
2016
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Congresso Brasileiro de Historia do Deporte, Lazer e Educacao Fisica
Tipo de publicación
Publicación en congreso
Idioma
Portugués
Palabras clave
Parkour; Parkour no Brasil; Atividade de Aventura; Lazer
Resumen
URL
Y los Libres del Sur responden: La práctica del Parkour en Avellaneda como caso de análisis de los modos de reproducción social
Autor
Schargorodsky
2016
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Cartografías del Sur
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Español
Palabras clave
Prácticas corporales, violencia simbólica, procesos de institucionalización, procesos de escolarización
Resumen
El siguiente trabajo intenta aportar a un análisis de las lógicas de reproducción social, haciendo foco en una práctica específica situada, el Parkour en la ciudad de Avellaneda. El Parkour puede pensarse como una práctica disruptiva respecto de ciertos modos estipulados de habitar lo urbano. Sin embargo, esto no lo exime de reproducir algunas lógicas de reproducción social. Puntualmente en Avellaneda se ha conformado la Asociación Civil Deportiva “Libres del Sur Parkour” y, estrechamente vinculada a ella, la Escuela Municipal de Parkour. Observaremos los procesos de institucionalización y escolarización, y las operatorias de violencia simbólica, aun en la conformación de sentidos dominantes contrarios a los dominantes en la sociedad. Por otra parte, veremos al Estado ampliando sus límites (al punto de incluir lo “alternativo” en lo “oficial”) y al mismo tiempo flexibilizando sus lógicas y regulaciones.
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In the eyes and legs: Use and representation of space in new urban cultures
Autor
Genova
2016
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Rivista Geografica Italiana
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
Since the Sixties a growing set of sports different from traditional ones has appeared. Still nowadays one of the main distinctive elements of the two categories of sports is the relationship with the space, namely the use of weakly organized portions of space, and in particular of not-reserved places, by the new sports. Aim of this article is an in-depth analysis of the relationship between practitioners and the space, focusing on new urban sports, and in particular on two: Parkour and skateboard. By considering the practitioners' sensitivities and their perspectives, the article aims then at identifying an efficient interpretation of the relationship which skaters and traceurs develop with urban territory and with its places.
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El cuerpo y su relación con el espacio urbano. La práctica corporal del break dance en la ciudad de México
Autor
Alvarado
2016
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Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana
Tipo de publicación
Trabajo Fin de Grado/Máster o similar
Idioma
Español
Palabras clave
Resumen
El interés principal de esta investigación radica es el estudio sociológico de los usos del cuerpo en el break dance como práctica corporal estética recreativa realizada por grupos juveniles en el espacio urbano de la Ciudad de México. Haciendo uso del método cualitativo de corte etnográfico, en el seguimiento a diferentes agrupaciones de baile realizado a lo largo del año 2014, se intenta comprender el significado que los practicantes le atribuyen a su corporalidad con base en la práctica, conocer el papel que desempeña el uso social del cuerpo en los grupos, saber cómo la actividad se vuelve un modo de vivir su condición de juventud y estilo de vida, explorando las diferencias de género, pues al tratarse de una práctica masculinizada, el sentido subjetivo que los practicantes le otorgan a sus acciones es atravesado por una experiencia diferenciada tanto al interior como al exterior de la práctica corporal.
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Distinction between parkour and freerunning
Autor
Derakhshan & Machejefski
2015
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Chinese Journal of Traumatology - English Edition
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
Resumen
URL
El cuerpo y el espacio en la práctica del parkour
Autor
Manuel
2015
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Reista Nexus Comunicación
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Español
Palabras clave
Parkour, Cuerpo, Espacio.
Resumen
Este artículo explora la experiencia del cuerpo en un grupo de practicantes de parkour en la Universidad del Valle. Se basa en una experiencia de participación etnográfica con un grupo de práctica del parkour en la que se privilegiaron las herramientas del trabajo etnográfico, dándole un lugar particular a los efectos de la práctica en el cuerpo del investigador que se ha integrado a ella como registro de la experiencia. El propósito es ver a través de los lentes que ofrece el parkour el cuerpo y el espacio público en relación con los conceptos de discurso de subversión y técnicas corporales.
URL
Youth, action sports and political agency in the Middle East: Lessons from a grassroots parkour group in Gaza
Autor
Thorpe & Ahmad
2015
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International Review for the Sociology of Sport
Tipo de publicación
Artículo de revista
Idioma
Inglés
Palabras clave
youth, middle east, gaza, action sports, parkour
Resumen
In this paper we build upon recent scholarship on the globalization of youth culture and sport to examine the growing popularity of action sports in the Middle East. We focus on the development of the urban physical practice of parkour (also known as free running)—the act of running, jumping, leaping through an urban environment as fluidly, efficiently and creatively as possible—among Middle Eastern youth. Drawing upon interviews and media analysis of various print, digital and social media, we reveal how youth (particularly young men) in Gaza developed their own unique parkour group, despite various social, cultural, economic, physical and psychological obstacles. We explain the proactive approaches adopted by these young men to find appropriate training spaces, to develop the skills of local children and youth, and to support their peer groups. In particular, we describe how these young men are creatively engaging social media (e.g., YouTube, Facebook, Twitter) to gain inspiration from the transnational parkour community, and also for opening new dialogue and establishing informal cultural exchanges with parkour enthusiasts around the world. We conclude by offering some broader comments for the Sport for Development and Peace Building (SDP) movement, encouraging youth-focused SDP initiatives to move beyond the ‘deficit model’ and toward more collaborative projects that provide space for local voices and acknowledge youth agency.
URL
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